General description
The purpose of this course is to present a general history of Spain. The syllabus encompasses a comprehensive synthesis of the themes listed below.
*condensed is the historical occurrence of Spain since its origins up to modern times, becoming firm not only in the political development but also in the economic, social, and cultural aspects. Its in this final field in which we will spend most of our time in undertaking aspects of Spanish civilization, such as plastic arts, folklore and other particular characteristics of the Spanish character in its distinct regional manifestations.
This type of class is basically explanatory, given that the dominance of the language is low by the students in the Specific Studies Course, and it is carried out with the maximum support of graphic material, maps, transparencies, diagrams, etc.

Program
I. The Roots of Spain.
Antiquity I
1. The physical means and human settling. The prehistoric epoch. Colonization and Tartessian. The Pre-Roman cities.
Antiquity II (III b.c - VIII a.d)
2. The conquest of the Iberian Peninsula by Rome and the problem of romanization. Political, economic, and administrative organization. Spanish-Roman society. The settlement of the Germanic peoples in the peninsula. The Visigoth reign and the transition to the medieval world.

II. Middle Age I (VIII-XIII centuries).
3. The creation of Islamic Spain: the birth of Al-Andalus. The Caliphate of Cordoba. The reign of Taifas and Berber empires. The creation of Christian nuclei of resistance. The Christian reconquest. Society and culture.

Middle Age II (XIV-XV centuries).
4. The medievel crisis. The reign of Castile. The Mediterranean expansion of the Crown of Aragon. The political institutions. Society.

Middle Age III (XIV-XV centuries)
5. The Nazari kingdom of Granada. Administrative division. The city of Granada. The inhabitants. The economy.

III. The creation of the modern state.
6. The Catholic kings. Territorial unity: the conquest of the kingdom of Granada. The incorporation of Navarra. European politics. Religious politics. Social and economic politics. The Renaissance.

Modern Age I. The Spanish Golden Age (XVI century).
7. The empire of Carlos I. The comunero movement. Imperial politics: the wars with France, Protestants and Turks. The failure of imperial politics. The political lines of Felipe II. The religious suppression. The union with Portugal. The invincible armada. State, society, and culture. The minorities: Jews and Moors. The church.

Modern Age II. The crisis of XVII century (1598-1700)
8. Felipe III and the regime of the strong. The expulsion of the Moors. The reign of Felipe IV. The rebellion of Catalonia and Portugal. Carlos II: the chaos of the state. The problem of succession. The seiscentista culture.

Modern Age III. The Bourbon Reforms (1700-1789).
9. The reigns of Felipe V and Felipe VI. The centralization of the state. The enlightened despotism: the reign of Carlos III. The culture of the enlightment.

IV. Contemporary Age I.
10. The crisis of the old regime. The reign of Carlos IV (1788-1808). The war of independence. The Spanish Constitution of 1812. The reign of Fernando VII: Monarchic absolutism. The liberal triennium (1820-1823). The ominous decade (1823-1833). The independence of the American colonies.

Contemporary Age II.
11. The reign of Elizabeth II. (1833-1868). Political instability: Moderates and Progressives. The triumph of liberalism. The revolution of 1868. The first Spanish Republic. Economy and society.

Contemporary Age III. Crisis of the Restoration (1902-1931)
12. Alfonso XII (1875-1885) and the Restoration. The loss of the last Spanish colonies. The economic and social transformations of the Restoration. The origins of the labor movement. The regionalist movements. Science and thought.

Contemporary Age IV.
13. Alfonso XIII. The social classes. The new political leaders. The revolutionary crisis of 1917. The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (1923-1930). The second Spanish republic. The Socialist- Republican government of Azaña. The religious problem. The agrarian reform. The victory of the popular front. Spanish culture in the first third of the XX century. The generation of 98 and of 27.

Contemporary Age V.
14. Military uprising and the civil war. National intervention. The triumph of Franco. Political dictatorship. Social conflict (1962-1975). The transition to Democracy. The new Monarchy. The Constitution of 1978. The intent of the coup d'etat of 23.

Activities
The students should do two readings throughout the course concerning the III and IV paragraphs of the program which will be discussed in class after a brief presentation of a summary. There is also a planned visit to the general library of the university, which will be discussed in class, and any other dates and places to be visited will be announced at the beginning of class.

Evaluation
There will be two tests, one at mid-semester and the other at the end of the course. Also taken into account will be the exhibition of indicated readings and class attendance.

Bibliography
AA.VV., Historia de España, Madrid, Historia 16, 1990.
GARCÍA DE CORTÁZAR, F., GONZÁLEZ VESGA, J.M., Breve Historia de España, Madrid, Alianza, 1995.
ROLDÁN, J.M., Historia de España, Madrid, ed-6, 1984.
TU?"ON DE LARA, M., VALDE?"N BARUQUE, J., DOMÍNGUEZ ORTIZ, A., Historia de España, Labor, Barcelona, 1991.
VILAR, Pierre, Historia de España, Barcelona, Crítica, 1981.
CARO BAROJA, Julio, Los Pueblos de España, Madrid, Istmo, 1989, 2 vols.
GARCÍA CÁRCEL, Ricardo, Las culturas del siglo de Oro, Madrid, Biblioteca Historia 16, 1989.
HISTORIA DE ESPA?"A ALFACUARA dirigida por Miguel ARTOLA, Madrid, Alianza Universidad, 1979, 7 vols.
HISTORIA DE ESPA?"A dirigida por Manuel TU?"ON DE LARA, Barcelona, Lábor, 1992.
MOLAS RIBALTA, Pere, La Monarquía española (ss. XVI-XVIII), Madrid, Biblioteca de Historia 16, 1989
PAREDES ALONSO, Javier, La España liberal del s. XIX, Madrid, Biblioteca Iberoamericana, Anaya, 1988.